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Copper (Cu) has been known for more than 10,000 years, with its discovery dating back as far as the Neolithic period. In addition to gold and silver, it was one of the first materials people worked with and processed. There are a lot of regions where it became so widespread and widely used between 5000BC and 3000BC that this period has been labeled \u201cCopper Age\u201d there (people used it to make tools, weapons, jewellery, goods, works of art and a lot more). Triggered by the discovery and growing use of electricity, it gained additional importance in the 19th century due to its being the second best metallic conductor after silver, which it outprices because it can be found in much higher quantities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oxygen-free copper (CU-OF1) for special applications<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Copper containing oxygen (CU-ETP1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Copper (Cu) has been known for more than 10,000 years, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[29],"tags":[61,33],"class_list":["post-677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-61","tag-33"],"yoast_head":"\nMaterial<\/th> <\/th> Copper<\/th> Oxygen free Copper<\/th><\/tr> Symbol<\/th> <\/th> Cu-ETP1 (E-Cu)<\/td> Cu-OF1 (OF-Cu)<\/td><\/tr> Material number<\/th> <\/th> CW003A<\/td> CW007A<\/td><\/tr> Standard<\/th> <\/th> EN 1977<\/td> EN 1977<\/td><\/tr> Composition<\/th> %-by-weight<\/th> Cu \u2265 99.90**Oxygen max. 0.040<\/td> Cu 99.95<\/td><\/tr> Density<\/th> g\/cm\u00b3 at 20\u00b0C<\/th> 8.9<\/td> 8.9<\/td><\/tr> Melting point<\/th> \u00b0C<\/th> 1083<\/td> 1083<\/td><\/tr> % IACS min.*<\/th> <\/th> 101<\/td> 101<\/td><\/tr> Electrical conductivity<\/th> m\/\u03a9mm\u00b2 at 20\u00b0C<\/th> \u2265 58.58 (in annealed condition)**<\/td> \u2265 58.58 (in annealed condition)**<\/td><\/tr> Thermal conductivity<\/th> W\/(m*K)<\/th> 400<\/td> 400<\/td><\/tr> Manufacturing methods<\/th> <\/th> Contirod or Southwire (casting wheel)
The molten copper is poured on a casting wheel (Southwire) or a conveyor belt (Contirod) thus taking on the form of an endless strand. While still maintaining its melting heat, it is fed through a multi-stage hot-rolling mill where it is reshaped into continuous cast wire rod, which is the starting product for the production of cables, strands and ultra-fine wires.
There is, however, one drawback to using CU-ETP: while the hot copper is being poured on the casting wheel or the conveyor belt, it is exposed to the ambient air. As a consequence, the copper absorbs small quantities of oxygen from it. This poses no problem for a great deal of applications, but in particular areas even this minuscule amount of oxygen absorbed provokes the contraction of the so-called \u201chydrogen disease\u201d.\u00ae<\/sup>\u00ae<\/sup><\/td>Dipforming and UpcastingDipforming: <\/strong>a so-called \u201emother rod\u201c with a purified and scraped surface is run through molten copper. The latter settles down on the mother rod, prompting the diameter of the wire to increase significantly. Using a hot-rolling mill it will be calibrated to its final diameter afterwards.
Upcasting: having reached its final sub-assembly diameter, the wire is hoisted through a cooled ingot mold and wound up without further treatment.<\/td><\/tr>Notes on properties and use<\/th> <\/th> Precious metalChemical element, pure (as opposed to alloys like bronze, brass or steel)Very high thermal conductivity (400 W\/(m*K))The good thermal conductivity is in line with the good electrical conductivityStrength in recrystallized condition < 200 N\/mm\u00b2High ductilityResistant to corrosion from most environmental impacts
Exceptions: oxidizing acids, hydrous ammonia and halogenated gases, hydrogen sulfide, seawaterGood solderabilityAnti-bacterial agentElongation > 15 % (dependent on diameter) <\/td><\/tr> <\/th> <\/th> <\/td> containing less impurities and trace elements which evaporate in a vacuumsuitable for semi-finished products that require resistance to hydrogen as in ISO 2626***ultrasonic welding and hard soldering (brazing)for use in fields of vacuum technology and electronics<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n